Cholecystectomy: An Overview

Cholecystectomy (koh-luh-sis-TEK-tuh-me) is a surgical procedure that involves removing the gallbladder, a pear-shaped organ located just below the liver on the upper right side of the abdomen. The gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver.

Cholecystectomy is a common and safe surgery that carries a minimal risk of complications. Most procedures are done using minimally invasive techniques that require small incisions, allowing patients to return home the same day.

The surgery is performed using a tiny video camera and specialized tools, which are inserted through small incisions to visualize the inside of the abdomen and remove the gallbladder. This technique is known as a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Occasionally, an open cholecystectomy may be necessary, which involves making a larger incision. This approach requires a longer hospital stay and recovery.

Reasons for the Procedure

GallstonesEnlarge image

Cholecystectomy is primarily used to treat gallstones and associated complications. You may need a cholecystectomy if you are experiencing:

• Cholelithiasis, or gallstones in the gallbladder causing symptoms
• Choledocholithiasis, or gallstones in the bile duct
• Cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder
• Large gallbladder polyps that are at risk of becoming cancerous
• Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas caused by gallstones
• A possible cancerous growth in the gallbladder

Risks of the Procedure

Cholecystectomy carries a minimal risk of complications, which may include:

• Bile leakage
• Bleeding
• Infection
• Injury to nearby organs including the bile duct, liver, and small intestine
• Risks associated with general anesthesia such as blood clots and pneumonia

Your risk of complications will depend on your overall health and the reason for your surgery.

Preparing for the Procedure

Diet and Medications

Before undergoing cholecystectomy, your surgeon may instruct you to:

• Avoid eating or drinking anything after midnight on the night before your surgery. You may have a sip of water to take your medications, but you should refrain from eating or drinking anything for at least four hours before your surgery.
• Stop taking certain medications and supplements. Inform your healthcare provider of all the medications and supplements you are taking. You should continue taking most medications as prescribed, but your healthcare team may advise you to stop taking certain medications or supplements that may increase your risk of bleeding.

Clothing and Personal Items

Most patients return home on the same day of their procedure. However, there is a possibility that you may need to stay in the hospital overnight or longer. Prepare for a possible overnight stay by bringing items such as your toothbrush, comfortable clothing, books, or magazines to keep you occupied. Additionally, arrange for a friend or family member to drive you home and stay with you for the first night following your surgery.