Prostate surgery is typically performed in a doctor’s office or outpatient surgery center. The approach used depends on the size of the prostate and the underlying cause. The surgeon will consider the size of the prostate, the patient’s overall health, and the type of surgery desired. General anesthesia or spinal anesthesia may be provided. Surgery options include laser prostatectomy, transurethral incision, transurethral electrovaporization, photoselective vaporization, prostatic urethral lift, transurethral microwave thermotherapy, and water vapor thermal therapy. Risks of surgery include blood clots, bleeding, breathing problems, heart attack or stroke, infections, and reactions to medication. Patients may experience erection problems, pass semen back into the bladder, have problems controlling urine, or experience tightening of the urinary outlet from scar tissue. Prior to surgery, patients will undergo a complete physical exam and medical tests. Smokers will be advised to quit, and patients should provide a thorough list of medications and supplements. Following surgery, most patients will return home with a catheter in place. While these procedures can typically alleviate symptoms, second surgeries may be necessary in 5 to 10 years. Patients may experience blood in their urine, burning with urination, an increase in frequency or sudden urge to urinate.