Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a gland located in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism. This surgery is performed to treat various thyroid disorders, including cancer, goiter and hyperthyroidism. Depending on the reason for the surgery, either part or all of the thyroid may be removed, requiring replacement thyroid hormone treatment. As with any surgery, there are potential risks and complications, including bleeding, infection, hypoparathyroidism and damage to vocal cords. Preparation for the surgery may include medication and fasting, and the procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia. Several approaches to thyroidectomy exist, including conventional, transoral and endoscopic methods.